JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 2 · Q01 · Hydrocarbons
The reaction sequence(s) that would lead to o-xylene as the major product is(are)
(A) Toluene (Me on benzene) bearing -NH$_2$ at the ortho position: (i) NaNO$_2$/HCl, 273 K; (ii) CuCN; then (iii) DIBAL-H then H$_3$O$^+$; (iv) N$_2$H$_4$, KOH, heat. (B) Toluene (Me on benzene) bearing -Br at the ortho position: (i) Mg, CO$_2$, H$_3$O$^+$; (ii) SOCl$_2$; then (iii) H$_2$, Pd-BaSO$_4$; (iv) Zn-Hg, HCl. (C) o-Methylstyrene (ortho-methyl vinyl benzene): (i) i. BH$_3$ ii. H$_2$O$_2$, NaOH; (ii) PBr$_3$; then (iii) Zn, dil. HCl. (D) Indene (bicyclic, fused cyclopentene-benzene): (i) O$_3$, Zn/H$_2$O; (ii) N$_2$H$_4$, KOH, heat.
Reveal answer + step-by-step solution
Correct answer:A, B, D
Solution
Trace each sequence to the substitution pattern on the benzene ring.
(A) o-toluidine $\xrightarrow{\text{NaNO}_2/\text{HCl,\ 273\ K}}$ o-methylbenzenediazonium chloride $\xrightarrow{\text{CuCN (Sandmeyer)}}$ o-methylbenzonitrile $\xrightarrow{\text{DIBAL-H, then H}_3\text{O}^+}$ o-methylbenzaldehyde $\xrightarrow{\text{N}_2\text{H}_4,\text{KOH, heat (Wolff-Kishner)}}$ o-xylene. CORRECT.
(B) o-bromotoluene $\xrightarrow{\text{Mg, CO}_2, \text{H}_3\text{O}^+}$ o-methylbenzoic acid $\xrightarrow{\text{SOCl}_2}$ o-methylbenzoyl chloride $\xrightarrow{\text{H}_2/\text{Pd-BaSO}_4 (\text{Rosenmund})}$ o-methylbenzaldehyde $\xrightarrow{\text{Zn-Hg, HCl (Clemmensen)}}$ o-xylene. CORRECT.
(C) o-methylstyrene $\xrightarrow{\text{BH}_3; \text{H}_2\text{O}_2/\text{OH}^-}$ 2-(o-tolyl)ethan-1-ol (anti-Markovnikov hydration) $\xrightarrow{\text{PBr}_3}$ 2-(o-tolyl)ethyl bromide $\xrightarrow{\text{Zn/dil. HCl}}$ o-ethyltoluene, NOT o-xylene.
(D) Indene $\xrightarrow{\text{O}_3,\ \text{Zn/H}_2\text{O}}$ a dialdehyde on the benzene ring with a -CH$_2$CHO arm; Wolff-Kishner of both carbonyls would give an o-disubstituted benzene with a methyl and an ethyl group (o-ethyl tolu … [truncated]
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